USA: special GM maize for production of bioethanol nearing authorisation

(1 December 2008) A type of GM maize, optimised for the production of bioethanol, is close to being authorised in the U.S. Responsible authorities have completed safety evaluations. The documents have been publicised and are now open for comment by the general public.

Event 3272 maize, developed by the company Syngenta, is to be used only as a raw material for the production of bioethanol. The maize contains a gene from a thermostable bacterium. With this gene, the maize then builds a type of enzyme (Alpha-amylase) that hydrolyses starch, remaining active even at high processing temperatures.

The breakdown of starches is the first step in the production of biofuels (bioethanol) derived from plant raw materials. Like most plants, maize naturally contains amylases. But these enzymes tend to become inactive in the high temperatures required for the production of bioethanol and other enzymes need to be added. With the thermostable amylase in 3272 maize, this is no longer necessary. Production costs can then be lowered, a spokesperson for Syngenta said. The new maize also allows a reduction in water and energy expenditure.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) evaluated the environmental safety of 3272 maize and came to the conclusion that its planting and use presents no risk either to the environment or to public health. 3272 maize is meant for the production of bioethanol. However, it cannot be ruled out that 3272 maize could end up in small amounts in the food supply chain. Therefore, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also evaluated its food safety.

US authorities have announced the deregulation of 3272 maize. That means that it could be grown and processed just like conventional maize, with no special restrictions. The general public has until 20 January to comment on the proposal.

Some NGOs demand a stricter separation of the 3272 maize and conventional maize used for the production of food and feed.

An application has been submitted for approval in the EU for the importation of 3272 maize. Accordingly, small amounts would be allowed in food and feed.

See also on GMO Compass:

• GMO Database: Application maize 3272

Futher information:

• USDA Seeks Public Comment on Deregulation of Genetically Engineered Corn

• USDA: Alpha-Amylase Maize 3272, Draft Environmental Assessment