Maize Bt11xMIR162xMIR604xGA21

Trait: This genetically modified maize is a hybrid resulting from the hybridisation of the maize line Bt11, MIR604 and GA21. The hybrid expresses two noval Bt-toxins (Cry1Ab and Cry3A) which confers resistance to the european corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and the western rootworm (Diabrotica verigifera verigifera). The vip3Aa20 gene encodes a protein which confers resistance to several lepidopteran pests of corn. The PAT protein conferstolerance toglufosinate ammonium, the active ingredient in phophonothricin herbicides (Liberty®). The m epsps gene encodes for a version of EPSPS that is highly tolerant to inhibition by glyphosate. The MIR604 PMI protein is used as a marker.

Source: Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki

Function: The gene codes for a Bt-toxin, which protects the plant against the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis).

pat-
gene

Function: This gene codes for the enzyme Phosphinothricin-Acetyltransferase (PAT) and leads to increased tolerance to glufosinate-containing herbicides.

This gene is also used as a Marker gene.

Source: Bacillus thuringiensis

Function: This gene encodes a vegetative insecticidal protein that is highly toxic to the following lepidopteran pests of corn: fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), armyworm (Pseudaletia unipunctata), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), and western bean cutworm (Striacosta albicosta).

The plant expresses a marker protein from the bacterium Escherichia coli, PMI, that allows the plants to utilise mannose as a carbon source, acting as a selectable marker.

Source: Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kumamotoensis

Function: This gene codes for a Bt-toxin, which confers resistance to western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica longicornis barberi) and other related coleopteran species.

The plant expresses a marker protein from the bacterium Escherichia coli, PMI, that allows the plants to utilise mannose as a carbon source, acting as a selectable marker.

Function: The m epsps gene encodes for a version of EPSPS that is highly tolerant to inhibition by glyphosate.